LSAW pipes, known for their thick walls, high-quality materials, and stable manufacturing processes, have become the top choice for large-scale domestic and international oil and gas pipeline projects. However, in the welding joints of these pipes, particularly in the weld and heat-affected zones, various defects such as undercut, porosity, slag inclusion, lack of fusion, incomplete penetration, burn-through, and welding cracks are common, and these imperfections are often the source of quality issues in straight seam submerged arc welded pipes.