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ASTM A106 is a specification for seamless carbon steel pipes intended for high-temperature service. The pipes covered by this standard are used in the transportation of fluids and gases in applications such as power plants, petrochemical, and refineries. Below are the key specifications of ASTM A106 seamless steel pipes.
1. Material Grade
Grade A: Minimum yield strength of 30,000 psi (205 MPa) and a minimum tensile strength of 48,000 psi (330 MPa).
Grade B: Minimum yield strength of 35,000 psi (240 MPa) and a minimum tensile strength of 60,000 psi (415 MPa).
Grade C: Minimum yield strength of 40,000 psi (275 MPa) and a minimum tensile strength of 70,000 psi (485 MPa).
2. Pipe Sizes
ASTM A106 pipes are available in various sizes. The standard dimensions are:
Nominal Pipe Size (NPS): Ranges from 1/8 inch to 48 inches.
Outer Diameter (OD): Can range from 0.405 inches to 48 inches.
Wall Thickness: Varies from Schedule 10 through Schedule 160, Schedule XXS, and beyond, depending on the pipe size.
3. Pipe Lengths
Random Length: Typically 16 to 22 feet (4.88 to 6.70 meters).
Fixed Length: Can be produced in fixed lengths, usually based on customer specifications.
4. Chemical Composition
Carbon (C): Typically ranges from 0.26% to 0.30% for Grade A, 0.30% to 0.35% for Grade B, and 0.30% to 0.35% for Grade C.
Manganese (Mn): 0.60% to 0.90%.
Phosphorus (P): Maximum of 0.035%.
Sulfur (S): Maximum of 0.035%.
Silicon (Si): 0.10% to 0.35% (for Grade B and C only).
5. Mechanical Properties
Tensile Strength:
Grade A: Minimum of 48,000 psi (330 MPa).
Grade B: Minimum of 60,000 psi (415 MPa).
Grade C: Minimum of 70,000 psi (485 MPa).
Yield Strength:
Grade A: Minimum of 30,000 psi (205 MPa).
Grade B: Minimum of 35,000 psi (240 MPa).
Grade C: Minimum of 40,000 psi (275 MPa).
Elongation: Minimum of 30% in 8 inches (200 mm) for Grade A, 25% for Grade B, and 20% for Grade C.
6. Hydrostatic Test
Each ASTM A106 pipe is required to pass a hydrostatic test to ensure it can withstand high-pressure applications without failure. The pipe must be able to withstand a pressure that is 1.5 times the nominal pressure of the pipeline.
7. Manufacturing Process
The ASTM A106 pipes are produced by a seamless process, meaning they are formed without the use of welding, ensuring a uniform structure throughout the pipe.
The manufacturing process includes hot rolling or extruding, followed by heat treatment to meet the required mechanical properties.
8. End Types
Plain End: Commonly used for welded joints.
Beveled End: Prepared for welding with a 30-degree angle bevel.
Threaded Ends: Some ASTM A106 pipes may come with threaded ends for easier connection.
9. Temperature Range
ASTM A106 pipes are suitable for high-temperature service. The pipes can handle temperatures up to 750°F (400°C) for Grade A, and up to 850°F (450°C) for Grade B and C, depending on the material grade and wall thickness.
10. Applications
ASTM A106 seamless steel pipes are mainly used in:
Power plants for high-temperature service.
Petrochemical industries for carrying gases and fluids at high pressures.
Refineries for fluid transmission and heat exchange systems.
Boilers, heat exchangers, and condensers in power stations.
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