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ERW steel pipe, which stands for high-frequency straight seam resistance welded pipe, is widely used in the transportation of oil, natural gas, and other liquid or vapor substances. It is capable of meeting both high and low-pressure requirements, making it an essential component in various industries worldwide.
Unlike ordinary welded pipes, the weld in an ERW pipe is formed by melting the base material of the steel strip, resulting in superior mechanical strength compared to conventional welded pipes. The resistance welding process used in ERW pipes offers benefits such as high production efficiency, low costs, material conservation, and easy automation, making it a popular choice in industries such as aerospace, energy, electronics, automotive, and light manufacturing.
A key distinction between ERW steel pipes and seamless pipes is the presence of a weld in ERW pipes, which plays a crucial role in determining the pipe's quality. ERW pipe can be classified into two types of seamlessness: geometric and physical. Geometric seamlessness refers to the removal of internal and external burrs from the weld area, a process that has been continuously improved, particularly for large- and medium-diameter pipes, with burrs now controlled within -0.2mm to +0.5mm. Physical seamlessness relates to the differences in the metallographic structure between the weld and the base material, which can affect the mechanical properties of the weld area. To address this, heat treatment processes, such as intermediate frequency induction heating and controlled cooling, are applied to improve the uniformity of the weld zone and enhance its mechanical properties.
The welding heat process of ERW pipes creates a temperature gradient around the weld, forming distinct zones such as the melting zone, semi-melting zone, superheated structure, and normalizing zone. The superheated zone, where welding temperatures exceed 1000°C, can lead to coarse, brittle grains in the weld area. To counteract this, localized heat treatment is used to refine the structure, eliminate stress, and improve the mechanical properties of the weld zone. Advanced ERW units worldwide now use this method to achieve high-quality pipes where the weld is indistinguishable from the base material.
ERW steel pipes offer several advantages, such as the use of hot-rolled coils as raw material, precise control over wall thickness (within ±0.2mm), and compliance with industry standards such as the American API or GB/T9711.1 for pipe ends, which are beveled and ready for delivery. Due to these advantages, ERW steel pipes are increasingly being used in major projects, particularly for natural gas pipeline networks and urban gas distribution systems.